In vitro studies observed $\alpha$-mangostin abrogating the secretion of which pro-inflammatory signaling molecules?
Answer
IL-8 and TNF-\alpha
The anti-inflammatory actions attributed to mangosteen compounds, particularly $\alpha$-mangostin, are demonstrated through specific molecular pathways identified in laboratory settings. Research focusing on human cell lines exposed to inflammatory stimuli showed that $\alpha$-mangostin successfully prevented the release or secretion of key signaling molecules responsible for propagating inflammation. These specific molecules are identified as Interleukin-8 (IL-8) and Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-$\alpha$). This targeted inhibition of critical inflammatory markers provides a concrete mechanism explaining the fruit's observed anti-inflammatory benefits beyond general antioxidant activity.
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