Which intestinal enzyme does grapefruit inhibit, altering drug metabolism?
Answer
CYP3A4
Grapefruit is infamous for its ability to interact critically with numerous prescription medications, a process mediated by its effect on specific enzymes in the human body. The mechanism involves compounds within the grapefruit inhibiting the activity of the enzyme known as CYP3A4, which is primarily located in the intestines. The inhibition of CYP3A4 prevents the body from properly metabolizing certain drugs, leading to uncontrolled drug concentrations in the bloodstream—potentially resulting in levels that are dangerously high or insufficiently low. This interaction profile is generally not shared by the pomelo to the same concerning degree.
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