What are the pungent compounds in ginger root known for their therapeutic punch?

Gingerols and shogaols

The therapeutic efficacy and the potential for irritation attributed to ginger root stem from specific bioactive substances within the root. These primary active components are identified as gingerols and shogaols. Gingerols are responsible for much of the fresh root's characteristic pungency and perceived heat. As ginger is dried or cooked, some gingerols convert into shogaols, which are often considered significantly more pungent and potent in their effects. It is these specific molecular structures, gingerols and shogaols, that mediate ginger's noted anti-nausea and digestive properties, but also contribute to digestive distress in high doses or sensitive individuals.