What chemical components give onions their characteristic pungent aroma and tear-inducing properties?

Answer

Sulfur compounds

The organic sulfur components present in onions are fundamentally responsible for the intense, pungent aroma that characterizes them, as well as the immediate physiological reaction of tearing when they are cut. These sulfur compounds are not only responsible for sensory attributes but also form the basis of many documented health advantages associated with onion consumption. Specifically, these components are known to play a role in potentially fighting cancer, improving cardiovascular health by assisting in the lowering of elevated cholesterol levels, and contributing to the regulation of blood pressure. While other compounds like flavonoids (including quercetin) provide crucial antioxidant support, the pungent odor and tear production are uniquely attributable to the sulfur chemistry.

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