What substance is required in liberal application for a minimum of 30 seconds to deactivate undischarged nematocysts?
Answer
Vinegar (acetic acid, 4% to 6%)
A crucial step in the immediate response to a dangerous box jellyfish sting, especially from species like C. fleckeri where time is measured in minutes, is the neutralization of any remaining unfired stinging cells. The established consensus for achieving this is the liberal application of vinegar, which must be between 4% and 6% acetic acid concentration. This application must be maintained for a minimum duration of 30 seconds. This treatment works specifically to deactivate the undischarged nematocysts, thereby preventing a larger, potentially fatal dose of venom from entering the wound site.
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