Which university led the research published in Toxins detailing the efficacy of vinegar for Physalia stings?
Answer
University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa
A pivotal, focused, and comparative study that initiated a major shift in recommended first aid protocols was conducted by researchers specifically based at the University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa. These researchers collaborated with colleagues based in Ireland to rigorously test various remedies against the venom mechanisms of both Atlantic and Pacific man-of-war specimens. The findings from this research, published in the journal *Toxins*, provided the emphatic conclusion that vinegar is the most effective initial rinse for *Physalia* stings, directly overturning previous guidance that had treated the siphonophore differently than true jellyfish.
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