Which substance causes osmotic shock to unfired nematocysts during initial first aid attempts?
Answer
Fresh water
Applying fresh water or alcohol to the affected area is strongly advised against because it induces osmotic shock in the unfired stinging cells, known as nematocysts. This shock triggers the massive and immediate release of the remaining venom contained within those cells onto the skin, thereby worsening the envenomation. This mechanism is the primary reason why rinsing with fresh water must be avoided immediately after contact.
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