How does the E. tarda exotoxin, hemolysin, contribute to its virulence in hosts with pre-existing iron overload conditions?

Answer

It lyses red blood cells, releasing iron that stimulates E. tarda growth.

The production of hemolysin, an exotoxin, is a key virulence mechanism linked to severe systemic disease, particularly in hosts already compromised by iron dysregulation. Hemolysin functions by lysing (breaking down) red blood cells. This cellular breakdown process results in the release of hemoglobin, and subsequently, free iron into the local tissue environment. Since iron-rich environments are known to stimulate and enhance the growth and proliferation of Edwardsiella tarda, this mechanism provides a scientifically plausible pathway explaining why patients suffering from pre-existing iron overload conditions, such as hemochromatosis, face an elevated risk of severe systemic infection.

How does the E. tarda exotoxin, hemolysin, contribute to its virulence in hosts with pre-existing iron overload conditions?

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