How does Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) differ from normal infant spit-up?

Causes complications like poor weight gain or breathing trouble.

The key differentiator between simple spitting up, which is common and often resolves naturally as infants grow more upright, and the diagnosis of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) lies in the presence of significant complications. Simple reflux usually involves wet burps without negatively impacting the baby's development. GERD, however, is diagnosed when the reflux is persistent and leads to measurable problems. These complications can include developing esophagitis, which is inflammation of the esophagus; poor weight gain indicating insufficient nutrient absorption or excessive discomfort during feeding; or respiratory issues such as chronic coughing or wheezing due to aspiration or irritation.