What is the primary benefit of applying elderberry extracts topically in leave-on formulations like oils or creams?
Answer
Providing direct antioxidant protection against surface-level free radical damage
When elderberry extracts are applied externally, their immediate impact is concentrated on the epidermis. The high concentration of antioxidants delivered directly to the surface acts as a defense layer, offering immediate protection against environmental aggressors and surface-level free radical damage that the skin encounters throughout the day. While topical use excels at moisturizing and conditioning the surface barrier, the absorption of larger nutrient molecules required for deep structural changes, like significant Vitamin C penetration for deep collagen synthesis, remains a point of debate among experts.
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