How does the bitter nature of *Momordica charantia* functionally aid digestive wellness?

Stimulates the production of digestive juices like bile and saliva

Beyond the structural benefits derived from its high fiber content, the inherent bitterness of bitter melon serves a distinct functional purpose within the upper gastrointestinal tract. The bitter taste acts as a natural stimulant, triggering the production and secretion of essential digestive juices. These juices include bile, which is critical for the emulsification and breakdown of dietary fats, and saliva, which initiates carbohydrate digestion. This stimulation promotes better overall digestive function, leading to enhanced nutrient extraction and utilization from the meal it accompanies. While the vegetable may soothe stomach upset or possess antimicrobial properties, the primary functional role attributed to its bitterness is the potentiation of the digestive response itself.