How might peppermint tea negatively affect an individual suffering from severe GERD?

Peppermint can relax the lower esophageal sphincter, potentially increasing acid reflux symptoms

While peppermint is often suggested as a remedy for general indigestion due to its soothing properties, it can paradoxically worsen conditions like severe gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) for some individuals. The mechanism involves the effect of certain compounds in peppermint on muscle tone. Specifically, peppermint can cause relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES). The LES is the muscular ring that acts as a valve between the esophagus and the stomach, designed to remain tightly closed after food passes through. When this sphincter relaxes inappropriately or excessively, it allows stomach acid to flow backward into the esophagus, directly increasing the frequency and severity of acid reflux symptoms.