How do Lentiviruses differ from Adeno-associated viruses (AAVs) in their integration behavior?
Lentiviruses integrate the therapeutic gene directly into the host genome, while AAVs generally do not integrate into the host cell’s main chromosome.
The choice between viral vectors hinges significantly on the desired longevity and permanence of the genetic change. Adeno-associated viruses (AAVs) are often favored because they typically remain episomal, meaning they do not insert their genetic cargo into the host cell’s primary chromosome structure. This results in a safer profile but means the therapeutic effect might not persist indefinitely if the cell divides. Conversely, Lentiviruses possess the capability to actively integrate their genetic material, including the therapeutic gene, directly into the host genome. This integration is the mechanism sought when a permanent, lifelong alteration of the cell’s DNA is the intended goal for treating a condition.
