What essential adaptive purpose does negative affect serve, similar to pain?

Answer

It serves a signaling function for psychological distress or unmet needs.

While often viewed negatively, these distressing emotions possess vital adaptive functions necessary for survival and psychological maintenance. Just as the sensation of physical pain alerts the body to remove itself from immediate physical harm, negative affect acts as an internal alarm system. This system flags that a need is unmet, a boundary has been crossed, or that attention is required to address a discrepancy between the current state and a desired state. For instance, fear is critical because it immediately motivates protective behaviors required for survival.

What essential adaptive purpose does negative affect serve, similar to pain?
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