What is the third essential step academic centers outline for conducting studies involving human subjects?
Answer
Seek ethical and regulatory approval (like Institutional Review Board or IRB approval)
The process of conducting clinical research involving human subjects is highly structured and requires sequential steps focused on ethics and rigor. The five essential steps commonly referenced include: first, identifying the research question; second, designing the protocol; third, seeking mandatory ethical and regulatory clearance, which specifically names Institutional Review Board (IRB) approval; fourth, participant recruitment; and fifth, data analysis and reporting. Therefore, securing the necessary governance sign-off is the mandated third action before proceeding to participant interaction.
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