What factors can modulate the efficacy of an oil shown to be potent *in vitro* when applied inside a living system?
Answer
Absorption, distribution, and the presence of protective biofilms
There is a significant difference between observing definitive killing power in a controlled *in vitro* setting (like a petri dish) and achieving that same effect *in vivo* (within a living organism). When an agent enters a complex biological system, its performance is modulated by several pharmacokinetic factors. These include how well the compound is absorbed into tissues, its distribution throughout the body, and critically, the formation of protective biofilms created by resilient fungal colonies, which can shield the organisms from the antifungal agent.
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