How does the cardiovascular system interpret central fluid pooling in orbit?
Answer
As an excess volume of fluid
When fluids shift toward the chest and head in microgravity, the body's regulatory mechanisms, including the cardiovascular system and kidneys, interpret this increased central pooling as a state of overhydration or fluid excess. This interpretation is based on pressure and volume sensors that are calibrated for a gravity environment where fluids settle lower. Because the body perceives it has too much liquid circulating centrally, it initiates countermeasures designed to eliminate the perceived surplus, which initially includes increasing the rate of urine production until a new equilibrium is established.
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