What is the process called when coronary artery disease (CAD) involves plaque buildup narrowing the arteries?
Answer
Atherosclerosis
Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) involves the narrowing of the arteries that supply oxygen-rich blood to the heart muscle itself. The underlying pathological process responsible for this narrowing is known as atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis is characterized by the gradual buildup of fatty deposits, cholesterol, cellular waste products, calcium, and fibrin—collectively referred to as plaque—on the inner walls of the arteries. As this plaque accumulates, it hardens and narrows the arterial passage, restricting the flow of blood. This reduced flow starves the heart muscle of necessary oxygen and nutrients, leading to symptoms like chest pain and significantly increasing the risk of major cardiac events.
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