What mineral supplements can competitively inhibit calcium absorption via intestinal transport mechanisms?
Answer
High doses of zinc or iron
Competitive inhibition occurs when two different ions utilize the same limited transport pathway across the intestinal lining. In the case of calcium absorption, consuming very high concentrations of certain other minerals in the same meal or supplement can interfere with calcium uptake. Specifically, high intakes of zinc or iron can competitively inhibit calcium absorption because they vie for the same intestinal transport mechanisms. This effect is less pronounced in balanced, whole-food meals but becomes a relevant factor when high-dose supplements of these minerals are consumed alongside calcium-rich foods, as the transport machinery becomes saturated by the higher concentration of the competing ion.
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